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本文最后更新于（2018-7-2 09:41:59），链接可能失效，内容可能难以复现。请注意甄别。
0.USB安装
以
Ubuntu10.04LTS(lucid)为例：
进入“帮助” — F6
install cdrom-detect/try-usb=true1.设置wlan
# wpa_passphrase SSID PASSWORD > /etc/wpa_config.conf #SSID：网络名，PASSWORD：密码 # vi /etc/network/interfaces auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp //注意在无线路由器上开启DHCP功能 wpa-conf /etc/wpa_config.conf # /etc/init.d/networking restart #重启网络
安装界面配置静态地址，Subnet（子网的网段）格式：
静态IP地址（有线）：
# vi /etc/network/interfaces auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.3.123 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.3.1 dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8 # /etc/init.d/networking restart
Ubuntu18.04LTS(bionic)：
# cd /etc/netplan
/etc/netplan# ll
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 15 03:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 90 root root 4096 Aug 15 02:46 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 580 Aug 15 02:43 50-cloud-init.yaml #新版本的网络配置在这个文件里
/etc/netplan# vi 50-cloud-init.yaml
# This file is generated from information provided by
# the datasource. Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
ethernets:
ens33:
addresses:
- 192.168.3.123/24
dhcp4: false
gateway4: 192.168.3.1
nameservers:
addresses:
- 192.168.3.1
search: []
version: 2
~
~
~
~
~
~
"50-cloud-init.yaml" 17L, 580C 5,1 All
2.设置更新源
可能由于版本太旧或者更新太慢的问题，需要设置更新源。
# vi /etc/apt/sources.list格式：
deb [URL] [版本代号] main restricted universe multiverse deb [URL] [版本代号]-security main restricted universe multiverse deb [URL] [版本代号]-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb [URL] [版本代号]-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb [URL] [版本代号]-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src [URL] [版本代号] main restricted universe multiverse deb-src [URL] [版本代号]-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src [URL] [版本代号]-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src [URL] [版本代号]-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src [URL] [版本代号]-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| 版本号 | 代号 | 发布时间 |
|---|---|---|
| 18.04 LTS | Bionic Beaver | 2018/4/26 |
| 17.10 | Artful Aardvark | 2017/10/19 |
| 16.04 LTS | Xenial Xerus | 2016/4/21 |
| 15.10 | Wily Werewolf | 2015/10/22 |
| 15.04 | Vivid Vervet | 2015/04/23 |
| 14.10 | Utopic Unicorn | 2014/10/23 |
| 14.04 LTS | Trusty Tahr | 2014/04/18 |
| 13.10 | Saucy Salamander | 2013/10/17 |
| 13.04 | Raring Ringtail | 2013/04/25 |
| 12.10 | Quantal Quetzal | 2012/10/18 |
| 12.04 LTS | Precise Pangolin | 2012/04/26 |
| 11.10 | Oneiric Ocelot | 2011/10/13 |
| 11.04Unity成为默认桌面环境 | Natty Narwhal | 2011/04/28 |
| 10.10 | Maverick Meerkat | 2010/10/10 |
| 10.04 LTS | Lucid Lynx | 2010/04/29 |
| 9.10 | Karmic Koala | 2009/10/29 |
| 9.04 | Jaunty Jackalope | 2009/04/23 |
| 8.10 | Intrepid Ibex | 2008/10/30 |
| 8.06官方查不到此版本发布信息 | Haughty Husky | 2008/06/07 |
| 8.04 LTS | Hardy Heron | 2008/04/24 |
| 7.10 | Gutsy Gibbon | 2007/10/18 |
| 7.04 | Feisty Fawn | 2007/04/19 |
| 6.10 | Edgy Eft | 2006/10/26 |
| 6.06 LTS | Dapper Drake | 2006/06/01 |
| 5.10 | Breezy Badger | 2005/10/13 |
| 5.04 | Hoary Hedgehog | 2005/04/08 |
| 4.10初始发布版本 | Warty Warthog | 2004/10/20 |
Ubuntu10.04LTS(lucid)为例：
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse保存后，执行：
# apt-get update #更新源以下命令非必要时请勿操作。
# apt-get upgrade #升级已安装软件包3.挂载光驱
# ls -l /dev | grep cdrom #查询包含cdrom的设备 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2018-07-03 12:55 cdrom1 -> sr0 crw-rw---- 1 root cdrom 21, 0 2018-07-03 12:55 sg0 brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 2018-07-03 12:55 sr0 # mount /dev/cdrom1 /mnt #把光驱挂载到/mnt目录 mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only mount: /dev/sr0 already mounted or /mnt busy mount: according to mtab, /dev/sr0 is already mounted on /mnt # cd /mnt #进入cd挂载的目录 # umount /dev/cdrom1 #卸载光驱4.安装图形界面（Server版本） 以Ubuntu10.04LTS(lucid)为例：
# apt-get install xinit # apt-get install language-support-zh #安装中文支持切换到图形界面，可以用# apt-get install gdm #安装GNOME# apt-get install ubuntu-desktop #安装ubuntu桌面 # apt-get install gsynaptic #安装新立得软件包管理器 # apt-get install network-manager* #安装网络管理器
root或者moecat
$ startx5.挂载U盘、移动硬盘 FAT32文件系统：
# fdisk -l #列出所有分区 Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d91e4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 2497 20051968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2497 2611 916481 5 Extended /dev/sda5 2497 2611 916480 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 8178 MB, 8178892800 bytes 2 heads, 63 sectors/track, 126780 cylinders Units = cylinders of 126 * 512 = 64512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00969512 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 126781 7987168 b W95 FAT32 # mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /mnt #挂载U盘 # cd /mnt # umount /dev/sdb1 #卸载U盘NTFS文件系统：
# apt-get install ntfs-3g* #安装NTFS挂载软件 # fdisk -l #列出所有分区 ...（省略）... Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 121602 976759808 7 HPFS/NTFS # mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdc1 /mnt -ro force6.远程桌面
# apt-get install xrdp vnc4server xbase-clients在/usr/share/applications目录下打开“桌面共享”选项，桌面共享选项中首先要开启共享，关于是否允许其他用户控制，远程连接时是否需要本机确认，远程连接的密码等项目根据需要自己设定。如果需要从公网即外部网络访问此ubuntu计算机需要开启”自动配置UPnP路由器开放和转发端口项目”。 下载安装VNC Viewer软件（Windows）。 7.更改默认语言
# vi /etc/default/locale LANG=”en_US.UTF-8″ LANGUAGE=”en_US:en” # locale-gen -en_US:en8.更改时区
# date -R Wed, 15 Aug 2018 03:14:08 +0000 #现在时区是0 # tzselect ...（省略）... 4) Aisa ...（省略）... #? 4 ...（省略）... 9) China ...（省略）... #? 9 ...（省略）... 1) Beijing Time ...（省略）... #? 1 ...（省略）... 1) Yes ...（省略）... #? 1 ...（省略）... # cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime # date -R Wed, 15 Aug 2018 11:38:49 +0800 #变成东八区参考资料