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0.USB安装
以
Ubuntu10.04LTS(lucid)为例:
进入“帮助” —
F6
install cdrom-detect/try-usb=true
1.设置wlan
# wpa_passphrase SSID PASSWORD > /etc/wpa_config.conf #SSID:网络名,PASSWORD:密码
# vi /etc/network/interfaces
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp //注意在无线路由器上开启DHCP功能
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_config.conf
# /etc/init.d/networking restart #重启网络

安装界面配置静态地址,Subnet(子网的网段)格式:
静态IP地址(有线):
# vi /etc/network/interfaces
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.3.123
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.3.1
dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
# /etc/init.d/networking restart
Ubuntu18.04LTS(bionic):
# cd /etc/netplan
/etc/netplan# ll
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 15 03:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 90 root root 4096 Aug 15 02:46 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 580 Aug 15 02:43 50-cloud-init.yaml #新版本的网络配置在这个文件里
/etc/netplan# vi 50-cloud-init.yaml
# This file is generated from information provided by
# the datasource. Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
ethernets:
ens33:
addresses:
- 192.168.3.123/24
dhcp4: false
gateway4: 192.168.3.1
nameservers:
addresses:
- 192.168.3.1
search: []
version: 2
~
~
~
~
~
~
"50-cloud-init.yaml" 17L, 580C 5,1 All
2.设置更新源
可能由于版本太旧或者更新太慢的问题,需要设置更新源。
# vi /etc/apt/sources.list
格式:
deb [URL] [版本代号] main restricted universe multiverse
deb [URL] [版本代号]-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb [URL] [版本代号]-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb [URL] [版本代号]-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb [URL] [版本代号]-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src [URL] [版本代号] main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src [URL] [版本代号]-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src [URL] [版本代号]-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src [URL] [版本代号]-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src [URL] [版本代号]-backports main restricted universe multiverse
版本号 |
代号 |
发布时间 |
18.04 LTS |
Bionic Beaver |
2018/4/26 |
17.10 |
Artful Aardvark |
2017/10/19 |
16.04 LTS |
Xenial Xerus |
2016/4/21 |
15.10 |
Wily Werewolf |
2015/10/22 |
15.04 |
Vivid Vervet |
2015/04/23 |
14.10 |
Utopic Unicorn |
2014/10/23 |
14.04 LTS |
Trusty Tahr |
2014/04/18 |
13.10 |
Saucy Salamander |
2013/10/17 |
13.04 |
Raring Ringtail |
2013/04/25 |
12.10 |
Quantal Quetzal |
2012/10/18 |
12.04 LTS |
Precise Pangolin |
2012/04/26 |
11.10 |
Oneiric Ocelot |
2011/10/13 |
11.04Unity成为默认桌面环境 |
Natty Narwhal |
2011/04/28 |
10.10 |
Maverick Meerkat |
2010/10/10 |
10.04 LTS |
Lucid Lynx |
2010/04/29 |
9.10 |
Karmic Koala |
2009/10/29 |
9.04 |
Jaunty Jackalope |
2009/04/23 |
8.10 |
Intrepid Ibex |
2008/10/30 |
8.06官方查不到此版本发布信息 |
Haughty Husky |
2008/06/07 |
8.04 LTS |
Hardy Heron |
2008/04/24 |
7.10 |
Gutsy Gibbon |
2007/10/18 |
7.04 |
Feisty Fawn |
2007/04/19 |
6.10 |
Edgy Eft |
2006/10/26 |
6.06 LTS |
Dapper Drake |
2006/06/01 |
5.10 |
Breezy Badger |
2005/10/13 |
5.04 |
Hoary Hedgehog |
2005/04/08 |
4.10初始发布版本 |
Warty Warthog |
2004/10/20 |
* 标记的版本为已过时版本,国内没有对应的更新源镜像地址(只能通过
http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/更新)。
以
Ubuntu10.04LTS(lucid)为例:
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
保存后,执行:
# apt-get update #更新源
以下命令非必要时请勿操作。
# apt-get upgrade #升级已安装软件包
3.挂载光驱
# ls -l /dev | grep cdrom #查询包含cdrom的设备
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2018-07-03 12:55 cdrom1 -> sr0
crw-rw---- 1 root cdrom 21, 0 2018-07-03 12:55 sg0
brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 2018-07-03 12:55 sr0
# mount /dev/cdrom1 /mnt #把光驱挂载到/mnt目录
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
mount: /dev/sr0 already mounted or /mnt busy
mount: according to mtab, /dev/sr0 is already mounted on /mnt
# cd /mnt #进入cd挂载的目录
# umount /dev/cdrom1 #卸载光驱
4.安装图形界面(Server版本)
以
Ubuntu10.04LTS(lucid)为例:
# apt-get install xinit
# apt-get install language-support-zh #安装中文支持
# apt-get install gdm #安装GNOME
# apt-get install ubuntu-desktop #安装ubuntu桌面
# apt-get install gsynaptic #安装新立得软件包管理器
# apt-get install network-manager* #安装网络管理器
切换到图形界面,可以用
root
或者
moecat
$ startx
5.挂载U盘、移动硬盘
FAT32文件系统:
# fdisk -l #列出所有分区
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d91e4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 2497 20051968 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2497 2611 916481 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 2497 2611 916480 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 8178 MB, 8178892800 bytes
2 heads, 63 sectors/track, 126780 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 126 * 512 = 64512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00969512
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 1 126781 7987168 b W95 FAT32
# mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /mnt #挂载U盘
# cd /mnt
# umount /dev/sdb1 #卸载U盘
NTFS文件系统:
# apt-get install ntfs-3g* #安装NTFS挂载软件
# fdisk -l #列出所有分区
...(省略)...
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 121602 976759808 7 HPFS/NTFS
# mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdc1 /mnt -ro force
6.远程桌面
# apt-get install xrdp vnc4server xbase-clients
在
/usr/share/applications目录下打开“桌面共享”选项,桌面共享选项中首先要开启共享,关于是否允许其他用户控制,远程连接时是否需要本机确认,远程连接的密码等项目根据需要自己设定。如果需要从公网即外部网络访问此ubuntu计算机需要开启”自动配置UPnP路由器开放和转发端口项目”。
下载安装VNC Viewer软件(Windows)。
7.更改默认语言
# vi /etc/default/locale
LANG=”en_US.UTF-8″
LANGUAGE=”en_US:en”
# locale-gen -en_US:en
8.更改时区
# date -R
Wed, 15 Aug 2018 03:14:08 +0000 #现在时区是0
# tzselect
...(省略)...
4) Aisa
...(省略)...
#? 4
...(省略)...
9) China
...(省略)...
#? 9
...(省略)...
1) Beijing Time
...(省略)...
#? 1
...(省略)...
1) Yes
...(省略)...
#? 1
...(省略)...
# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
# date -R
Wed, 15 Aug 2018 11:38:49 +0800 #变成东八区
参考资料
- https://blog.csdn.net/snaking616/article/details/52966634
- https://blog.csdn.net/cccrunner/article/details/78090079
- https://www.jianshu.com/p/e682d5143c15